chapter 4. carbon and the molecular diversity of life

Q.why Carbon is more important than any other organic elements?

because it has large diversity of biological molecules, it can share the 4 electrons from others
tetravalence.

Q. what are the three names of isomers?

structural isomers

geometric isomers

enantiomers

Q. what are the names of functioanl groups?

hydroxyl

carbonyl

carboxyl

amino

sulfhydryl

phospate

metheyl

5 facts
1. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen wich smaller amounts of culfur and phohorus are essential and organic elements.
2. even though the compounds have the same number of elements, if their structual are different, it would affect differently in our body.
3. carbon has 6 electrons, and 4 valence electrons in a shell which can hold 8; therefore it has a lot of way to combine with many different elements.
4. hydroxyl,carbonyl,carboxyl,amino,sulfhydryl and phospate are able to act as funtional group becuase thy are also hydrophilic and increase the solubility of organic compounds in water.
5. hydrogen has 1, oxygen has 2, nitrogen has 3 and carbon has 4 valence.

each functional groups has different formations and different functions. But espeically these 7 groups are important for our lives such as sex hormones.


10 keyterms
1. Vitalism, the belief in a life force outside the jurisdiction of physical and chemical laws, provided the foundation for the new discipline of organic chemistry.
2.Mechanism is the view that physical and chemical laws govern all natural phenomena, including the processes of life.
3.Tetravalence is one facet of carbon’s versatility that makes large, complex molecules possible.
4.Isomers are the compounds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same elements but different structures and hence different properties
5.Structural isomers differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.
6.Geometric isomers have the same covalent partnerships, but they differ in their spatial arrangements.
7.enantiomers are isomers that are mirror images of each other.
8.Hydrocarbons are organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen.
9.Compounds containing carbon are said to be organic, and the branch of chemistry that specialized in the study of carbon compounds is called organic chemistry.
10. ATP consists of an organic molecule called adenosine attached to a sting of three phosphate groups


video - organic chemistry
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXCs-R7rptI


organic chemistry especially carbon has 4 valence which means it is able to connect or share 4 electrons to other elements; therefore it has so many possiblity to have more functions together. We also have to be award of the isomers becuase its number of elements or seems the same but function as very different in the worst situation, it will harm us because of little different order of structure. we also realized that there is emergent properties again because of one little atom's placement, the whole thing will be changed.
the versatility of carbon makes possible the great diversithy of organic molecules, each with particular properties that emerge from the unique arragement of its carbon skeleton and the chemical groups appended to that skeleton.