chapter 8. an introduction to metabolism

Q. what is metabolism?
metabolism is an emergent property of life that arises from interactions between molecules within the orderly environment of the cell

Q. what is the first law of thermodynamic?
energy can be transferred and transformed but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Q. what is the second law of thermodynamic?
every energy transfer or transformiation increses the entropy of the universe.

5 facts
1. energy can be transferred and transformed but it cannot be created or destroyed
2. every energy transfer or transformiation increses the entropy of the universe
3. catabolic pathways drive the regeneration of ATP from ADP and phosphate
4. ATP is the cell's energy shuttle, hydrolysis at its terminal phophate group produces ADP and phosphate and releases free energy.
5. a living system's free energy is energy that can do work under cellular conditions.

diagram

AB+CD = AC+BC
when the energe is activating, the free energy is increased which means it required producing energy to move up and then when it reached into the summit of the reactant, it is very unstable and realeased the energy therefore it happened spontenuously. therefore the total activation of energy will be the natually happen with out using energy if the substaction of initial energy to final energy. the unstable condition can recult bonds will be broken.
when enzyme is involved in the activations, the free energy doent recuire as much as it was alone. which means the enzyme helpes the activation easily with small amout of the energy relasement therefore the graph will be different and the total calculation of the free energy will be lower than as it self (negative amount)


10 key terms
1. metabolism is an emergent property of life that arises from interactions between molecules within the orderly environment of the cell
2. catabolic pathways : a major pathway of catobolism is cellular respiration, in which the sugar glucose and other organic fules are broken down in the presence of oxygen to carbon dioxide and water
3. anbolic pathways, in contrast, consume energy to build complicated molecules from simper ones.
4. chmical energy is a term used by biologists to refer to the potential energy available for realsed in a chemical reaction
5. kinetic energy : associated with the realtive motion of objects
6. thermal energy : is kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules
7. potential energy it is energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure.
8. thermodynamics: the study of the nenrgy transformations that occur in a collection of matter
9. entropy : as a measure of disorder; or randomness
10. exergonic reacion : proceeds with a net release of gree energy

video - ATP
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TgCUkjoacU

summary
in oreder to convert the sugars to amino acides which are linked togeter into proteins when needed, the protein are changed into the amino acid, they are able to be sugar when the food is digested. small molecules gather together and changed into polymers and it might be hydrolyzed later if the cell needs.
metabolic pathways are the basic of the living and study of how the living things survive. energy has a lot of varieties and they will determine differently such as kinetic energy, thermal energy and potential energy and chemical energy.