Chapter. 9 cellular respiration - harvesting chemical energy

Q. what is the basic formula for the cell respiration?



C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 +6H2O +Energy (ATP + heat)


Q. distinguish what reducting agent, electron donor and oxidizing agent, electron acceptor are.

Xe- + Y -> X + Ye-

reducing agent, electron doner is Xe-

oxidizing agent, electron acceptor is Y




Q.how dose pyrubate get into mitochodria?

because of active transport


5 facts

1. in oder to do cellular respiration, we need to break down the energy source, which means we use catacolic pathways

2. harvesting chemical energy had 3 steps to produce the amount energy that we need. glycolysis, kreb cycle and ETC

3. The reason that we break down all the potential energy in to the energy form, ATP is too much energy released at once might have dangerous possible therefore we have stepped by stepped to break it

4. active transport allowed pyruvate getting into mitochondira

5. there are a lot of different method of harvesting chemical energy by the condition of environment ; aerobic respiration and fermentation.


diagram

cellural respiration is the process that we make ATP in our cell ( cytosol, Mitochondria) there are three steps that the glocose broken down to ATP by Glycolysis, cirtric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. simply Glycolysis and Kreb cycle could not produce many ATP but their rule is pretty essential because it prevents too much energy explode at one time, and changed different forms and sent them to ETC. Glycolysis doesn't require Oxygen which are the evidence of the hypothesis of the first bacteria's processing energy without Oxygen was present in the Earth.

Key terms


1. oxidation : in a redox reacion, the loss of elecgtrons from one substance
2. reduction : the addition of electrons
3. glycolysis : occuring in the cytosol, begining the degradation porcess by breaking glucose into two molecules of a compound called pyruvate
4. the kreb cycle : breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide
5. cytochromes : most of the remaining electron carriers between ubiquinone and oxygen are proteins
6. alcohol fermentation : pyruvates is converted to ethanol in two steps
7. lacitic acide fermemtation : pyruvbate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate as an ene product, with no release of CO2
8.obligate anaerobes, carry out only fermemtation or anaerobic respiration and in fact cannot survive in the presence of oxygen
9. facultative anaerobes : able to make enough ATP to survive using either fermemtation or respiration
10. substrate-level phosphorylation : a smaller amoun ot ATP is formed directly in a few reacions of glycolysis and the Kreb cycle by a mechanism

video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlZZUtpyCgQ



summary

Cellular respiration is the process by which the chemical energy of "food" molecules is released and partially captured in the form of ATP. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used as fuels in cellular respiration, but glucose is most commonly used as an example to examine the reactions and pathways involved.