chapter 6. a tour of the cell

Q. what are the basic structural and funtional unit of every organism?

prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Q. what are the things not in animal cell but in plant cell?
what are the things not in plant cell but in animal cell?

yes plant cell : chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall, plasmodesmata
yes animal cell : lysosome, centrosomes, flagella

Q. what organelles names made of double membranes, and function like making energy?

mitochondria and chloroplasts

5 facts
1. all the living things are made of cells wheather prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell
2. endomembrane system is including the organells ; Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, the nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles and plasma memberane

3. cytoskeleton roles the supporting, motility and regulation and divided mictrotubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
4. prokaryotic cell doesnt have nucleus and much simpler than eukaryotic cell
5. the need for a surface area sufficiently large to accommodate the volume helps explain the microscopic sixe of most cells and the narrow, elongated shapes of others.

diagram

animal cell vs. plant cell
basically the both cells are eukaryotic cells so that they have the smiliar functional organelles. But in animal cells, we can find lysosomes which helps digestion, cetrosomes which is a region where the cell's microtubules are initatied, and flagella whichi composed of a cluster of microtubules within an extension of the plasma membrane
In plant cells, chloroplasts which converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules, cnetral vacuole which functions include storage, breakdown of waste products, hydrolusis of macromolecules; englargement of vacuole is a majore mechanism of plant growth, cell wall which is the outer later that maintains cell;s hsape and protects and plasmodesmata which channels throught cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells

10 key terms
1. Light microscope (LM): visible light is passed through the specimen and then through glass lenses. Magnification is the ratio of an object’s image size to its real size
2.Plasma membrane : membrane enclosing the cytoplasm/ functions as a selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire cell.
3.Nucleus contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell (some genes are located in mitochondria and chloroplasts.)
4.Chromosomes : structures that carry the genetic information. Each chromosomes is made up of a material called chromatin, a complex of proteins and DNA.
5.Endomembrane system, which carries out a variety of tasks in the cell such as synthesis of proteins and their transport into membranes and organelles or out of cell, metabolism and movement of lipids, and detoxification of poisons, includes the nuclear envelop, the endoplasmic reticulum, the golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the plasma membrane.
6.Golgi apparatus are engaged in the transfer of material between parts of the golgi and other structures
7.Central vacuole develops by the coalescence of smaller vacuoles, themselves derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus.
8.Cytoskeleton : a network of fibers extending throughout othe cytoplasm. (microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments)
9.Cell wall is an extracellular structure of plant cells that distinguishes them from animal cells
10.Gap junctions provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to an adjacent cell and in this way are similar in their function to the plasmodesmata in plants.

video - animal cell and plant cell
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jn9oJtXZYcU


summary
we know all the living things made of cell after the microscope are getting developed we can see so many organells are in cell and each things are existed in reasons. the cell are divided into a big group as eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell; the difference is known easily through their names, existance of nucleus ; however, there are a lot of differences between two cells.
prokaryotic cell contains not many organelle, eukaryotic cell more complex and it is also a good example of emergent properties. each organelles in a cell has their own functions and plant cell and animal cell have different organelles, mostly they shared some similarity but especially plants cell has cell wall, central vacuole and chloroplats.